5 - community medicine mcqs - 31 to 40

Question 31 : Advantages of random sampling for studying the general human population include:

A. it can be applied to any population.
B. likely errors can be estimated.--------------------------- *
C. estimates obtained are not biased---------------------. * * Right
D. it is easy to do.
E. the sample can be referred to a known population.------------- * * Right

Question 32 : In a case-control study to investigate oral contraception and breast cancer:

A. cases would be women with breast cancer. *
B. controls would be given oral contraception.
C. cases would be given oral contraception.
D. women with breast cancer would be randomly allocated to be cases or controls.
E. controls would be observed for several years to see how many developed breast cancer.

Question 33 : In a case-control study, patients with lung cancer had a highly significantly lower cholesterol level than did controls. This provides strong evidence that:

A. low cholesterol causes lung cancer.
B. there is evidence for a relationship between low cholesterol and lung cancer in the sampled population. * * Right
C. low cholesterol is not related to lung cancer.
D. low cholesterol and lung cancer always go together.
E. low cholesterol is a risk factor for the development of lung cancer.

Question 34 : The paired t test is:

A. impractical for large samples.
B. equivalent to a chi-squared test.
C. suitable for very small samples.--------------------------------------- * * Right
D. used for independent samples.
E. requires the assumption that differences between paired observations follow a Normal Distribution. *

Question 35 : For a t test for two independent samples to be valid:

A. the numbers of observations must be approximately the same in the two groups.
B. the standard deviations of observations must be approximately the same in the two groups.---------------------- *
C. the means must be approximately the same in the two groups.
D. the observations must be from distributions which are approximately Normal.--------------------------------- * * Right
E. the sizes of samples the must be small.

Question 36 : A simple linear regression equation:

A. always describes a line which goes through the origin.
B. always describes a line with zero slope.
C. is not affected by changes in the units in which variables are measured.
D. describes a line which goes through the point defined by the means of the two variables. * * Right
E. is affected by the choice of dependent variable. ----------------------------------- *

Question 37 : The product-moment correlation coefficient between two variables, r:

A. must lie between -1 and +1 inclusive.------------------------------ *
B. can only have a valid significance test carried out when one variable follows a Normal Distribution.---------------- * * Right
C. is expected to be zero when there is no relationship between the variables.
D. depends on which of the two variables is chosen to be the dependent variable.
E. measures the magnitude of the change in one variable associated with a change in the other.

Question 38 : The standard chi-squared test for a 2x2 contingency table is not valid unless:

A. all the expected frequencies are greater than five.----------------------- *
B. both variables are continuous.
C. at least one variable is from a Normal Distribution.
D. all the observed frequencies are greater than five.
E. the sample size is at least 100.

Question 39 : To analyse the relationship between blood pressure and height in a sample of students, we could use:

A. paired t test
B. correlation coefficient--------------------------- *
C. chi-squared test
D. regression-------------------------- *
E. two sample t test

Question 40 : In a case-control study, 101 stroke patients were compared with 137 healthy controls. Among the results were: Cigarette smoking by stroke patients and healthy controls - Ever smoked? Cases: 71 yes, 30 never, 101 total; Controls: 36 yes, 101 never, 137 total; Chi-squared = 45.5, 1 degree of freedom, P less than 0.0001, Odds ratio = 6.6 (95% confidence interval = 3.8 to 11.8)

A. These data would be unlikely if smoking and stroke were unrelated. * * Right
B. It is estimated that the relative risk of stroke for ever-smokers compared to never-smokers is 6.6. * * Right
C. In the population from which cases and controls come, the odds ratio is estimated to lie between 3.8 and 11.8.----------------- Right *
D. We can conclude that smoking causes stroke.
E. There is good evidence that smokers have an increased risk of stroke. * *
Right

3 - community medicine mcqs - 21 to 30

21) Cyclops intermediate host for

a. Guinea worm

b. Malaria

c. Rabies

d. Salmonella

Answer : a) Guinea Worm

Reference: Park 18^th Edition Page 588

22) The drug which is used only in RNTCP cat III is

a. Streptomycin

b. INH

c. Rifampicin

d. Pyz

Answer : a) Streptomycin

Reference: Park 18^th Edition Page 153

23) A carrier who gets infected from another carrier is called

a. Incubatory carrier

b. Paradoxical carrier

c. Convalescent carrier

d. Pseudo carrier

Answer : ???

Reference: Still referring

24) Eugenics is

a. the study of hereditary improvement of the human race by controlled selective breeding.

b. the humane destruction of an animal accomplished by a method that produces rapid unconsciousness and subsequent death without evidence of pain or distress, or a method that utilizes anesthesia produced by an agent that causes painless loss of consciousness and subsequent death

c. A feeling of well-being or elation; may be drug related.

d. a state of being carried away by overwhelming emotion

Answer : the study of hereditary improvement of the human race by controlled selective breeding.

Reference: Park 18^th Edition

25) Silicosis affects

a. Lower lobes of lungs

b. Upper lobes of lungs

c. Both

d. Hilum of lungs

Answer : Upper lobes

Reference: Park 18^th Edition Page 609

26) DDT is a

a. Organochlorine compound

b. Organophosphorus compound

c. Carbamate

d. Stomach poison

Answer : Organochlorine compound

Reference: Park 18^th Edition Page 589

27) Kala Azar is transmitted by

a. Phlebotomus sergenti

b. Phlebotomus papatasii

c. Phlebotomus argentipes

d. All of the above

Answer : Phlebotomus argentipes

Reference: Park 18^th Edition Page

28) Food poisoning is an example of

a. Common source, single exposure epidemic

b. Common source, continuous exposure epidemic

c. Propagated epidemic

d. Modern epidemic

Answer : a) Common source, single exposure epidemic

Reference: Park 18^th Edition Page 58

29) Cysticercosis cellulosae causes infection with

a. Taenia saginata

b. Taenia solium

c. Echinococcus granulose

d. Diphyllabatrium latum

Answer : b) Taenia Solium

Reference: Chaterjee Parasitology 12^th Edition Page 119

30) Following are correct about Autosomal recessive except

a. Both boy and girl are affected

b. Heterozyte are not affected

c. Most disorders of inborn errors of metabolism come under this group

d. Affect more people in later age group than children

Answer : d) Affect more people in later age group than children

Reference: Park 18^th Edition Page

2 - community medicine mcqs - 11 to 20

11) Main purpose of BCG given in child

a. To prevent all forms ot TB

b. To prevent the severe form of TB

c. To prevent severe complications

d. To control All forms of TB

Answer (d) to control all forms of TB

Reference: Park 18^th Edition Page 157

12) Which of the following is a wrong statement about Typhoid

a. Pea soup Diarrhoea

b. In the first week it is confirmed by Blood culture

c. Chronic Carrier Excrete bacilli for long time in Urine and Faeces

d. None of the above

Answer (d) none of the above

Reference: Park 18^th Edition Page 188

13) High Fibre Diet

a. Modifies the stool transit time

b. Decreases incidence of colon cancer

c. Both

d. None

Answer (c) Both

Reference: Park 18^th Edition Page 470

14) Complication of Varicella are All Except

a. CNS Involvement

b. Varicella Pneumonia

c. Myocarditis

d. Congenital Varicella

Answer (d) Congenital Varicella

Reference: Harrison 16^th Edition Page 1043

15) Asbestos exposure causes

a. Mesothelioma

b. Tetralogy of Fallot

c. Cerebral Palsy

d. Repeated Abortions

Answer (a) Mesothelioma

Reference: Park 18^th Edition Page 618

16) The vital layer of Slow sand filter is

a. Supernatant water

b. Schmutzdecke

c. Under-drainage system

d. Filter control valves

Answer : b) Schmutzdecke

Reference: park 18^th Edition Page 525

17) Helpline for AIDS can be reached by dialing

a. 1079

b. 1097

c. 1091

d. 1098

Answer : b) 1097

Reference: Park 18^th Edition Page 339

18) Paris Green is used to eliminate the larva of

a. Anophylline

b. Culex

c. Aedes

d. mansonoides

Answer : a) Anopheles

Reference: Park 18^th Edition Page 579

19) Origin of SPM dates back to

a. 17^th Century

b. 18^th Century

c. 19^th Century

d. 20^th Century

Answer : b) 18^th Century

Reference: Park 18^th Edition Page 5

20) Man is an host with dead end transmission in all of the following except

a. Malaria

b. Rabies

c. Tetanus

d. Japenese encephalitis

Answer : a) Malaria

Reference: Park 18^th Edition Page 228

1 - community medicine mcqs - 1 to 10

1) Maximum level of Chloride in Drinking water is

a. 600 mg/L

b. 500 mg/L

c. 300 mg/L

d. 200 mg/L

Answer (d) 200 mg/L

Reference: Park 18^th Edition Page 533

2) North India most comon congenital lesion

a. Neural Tube defects

b. Cleft Palate

c. Club foot

d. Congenital Heart diseases

Answer : (a) Neural Tube Defects

Reference: Park 18^th Edition Page 424

In the whole of North India, Neural Tube defects or Spina bifida are the most common birth defects

3) Which one of the following is oraganophosporous poison

a. Physostigmine

b. Dyflos

c. Tacrine

d. Edrophonium

Answer (b) DYflos

Reference: KDTripathi 5^th Edition Page

4) The response which is graded by an observer on an agree or disagree continuum is based on:

a. Visual analog scale.

b. Guttman Scale.

c. Likert Scale.

d. Adjectival scale.

Answer : 3.Likert Scale.

Reference

http://www.ndhcri.org/pain/Tools/Visual_Analog_Pain_Scale.pdf

http://trochim.human.cornell.edu/kb/scalgutt.htm

http://trochim.human.cornell.edu/kb/scallik.htm

http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P93/P93-1023.pdf

Visual Analog Scale

The Worst Imaginable Pain

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No Pain

Instructions: Show and read the pain scale to the patient. Explain to the patient to place a mark along the line to indicate their current pain level. Wait for a verbal reply or for the patient to mark their current level of pain. Repeat the directions if the patient is having difficulty; use words other than "pain": aching, cramping, sore, uncomfortable, stiff, dull, pressure, burning, shooting. If the patient does not like it or understand it, switch to another pain rating scale. Always use the same scale for each follow-up assessment. Document the scale used as the Visual Analog Scale.

More at http://www.ndhcri.org/pain/Tools/Visual_Analog_Pain_Scale.pdf

Guttman Scale

Guttman scaling is also sometimes known as cumulative scaling or scalogram analysis. The purpose of Guttman scaling is to establish a one-dimensional continuum for a concept you wish to measure

More at http://trochim.human.cornell.edu/kb/scalgutt.htm

Likert Scale

You're now ready to use your Likert scale. Each respondent is asked to rate each item on some response scale. For instance, they could rate each item on a 1-to-5 response scale where:

1. = strongly disagree

2. = disagree

3. = undecided

4. = agree

5. = strongly agree

There are a variety possible response scales (1-to-7, 1-to-9, 0-to-4). All of these odd-numbered scales have a middle value is often labeled Neutral or Undecided. It is also possible to use a forced-choice response scale with an even number of responses and no middle neutral or undecided choice. In this situation, the respondent is forced to decide whether they lean more towards the agree or disagree end of the scale for each item.

More at http://trochim.human.cornell.edu/kb/scallik.htm

Adjectival Scale

A linguistic scale is a set of words, of the same grammatical category, which can be ordered by their semantic strength or degree of informativeness (Levinson, 1983). For example, lukewarm, warm, and hot fall along a single adjectival scale since they indicate a variation in the intensity of temperature of the modified noun

In the case of adjectives, the above definition is commonly relaxed to replace the total order among the elements of the scale by a partial one, so that the elements of the scale may be partitioned into two groups (sub-scales), within each of which the order is total. The two sub-groups correspond to positive and negative degrees of the common property that the scale describes. For example, the set of adjectives {cold, lukewarm, warm, hot} are normally considered part of one scale, even though no direct ordering of semantic strength exists between cold and hot.

More at http://acl.ldc.upenn.edu/P/P93/P93-1023.pdf

5) Plastic Syringes are sterilized by

a. Gamma rays

b. Hot air Oven

c. Autoclave

d. Washing in Phenol

Answer (a) Gamma Rays

Reference: Ananthanarayanan 7^th Edition Page 30

6) Chronic carriers in salmonella are

a. Faecal Carrier

b. Urinary Carriers

c. Blood Carriers

d. None of the above

Answer (a) Faecal Carrier

Reference: Partk 18^th Edition Page 187

7) Oral Polio Vaccine is a

a. Live attenuated Vaccine

b. Killed Vaccine

c. Subunit vaccine

d. None of the above

Answer (a) Live attenuated Vaccine

Reference: Park 18^th Edition Page 165

8) Tuberculin test founded by

a. VONPirquet

b. Heaf

c. Robert Koch

d. Ehrlich

Answer (a) Von Pirquet

Reference: Park 18^th Edition Page 150

9) Dots therapy is used in

a. Tuberculosis

b. Lymphoma

c. Spina Bifida

d. Ebstein’s Anomaly

Answer (a) Tuberculosis

Reference: Park 18^th Edition Page 154

10) First case to that comes to the knowledge of the Investigator is

a. Index case

b. Primary Case

c. Clinical Case

d. Subclinical Case

Answer (a) Index Case

Reference: Park 18^th Edition Page 88